PodBites

”PodBites” is a podcast-style segment under the PAL Bites program designed to help medical students master key diagnostic concepts in minutes. Each episode focuses on comparing two closely related diseases, breaking down their causes, symptoms, diagnostic findings, and treatments in a clear, concise, and engaging way. Join us on a journey through the human body, where each organ, system, and pathway is brought to life and presented to you in bite-sized form for your convenience Get ready to dive into the world of medicine with our crystal cut explanations and vibrant illustrations. We’ll see you soon!🍐

Listen on:

  • Apple Podcasts
  • YouTube
  • Podbean App
  • Spotify

Episodes

Thyroid Disorders

Friday May 02, 2025

Friday May 02, 2025

🎙️ Episode Description: Thyroid Disorders & Tumors – From Hormones to Histology
In this episode of PodBites, Yomna and Nour take you on a deep dive through the thyroid gland—from hormonal imbalances to neoplastic transformations. Through case-based discussion and engaging explanations, they explore the full spectrum of thyroid conditions in a way that’s both high-yield and easy to follow.
💡 Key Highlights: ✔️ Hyperthyroidism – Graves disease, toxic adenoma, goiter physiology ✔️ Hypothyroidism – Primary, secondary, cretinism, myxedema coma ✔️ Thyroiditis – Hashimoto, De Quervain (painful), postpartum/silent, Riedel ✔️ Neoplasms – Adenomas, papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinoma ✔️ Diagnostic Tools & Treatment – TSH/T4 interpretation, antibodies, RAI scans, surgical management ✔️ Interactive Learning – Realistic cases, physiology-based practice questions, and key mnemonics
Whether you’re prepping for exams or brushing up on endocrine pearls, this episode brings clarity to one of the most tested systems in medicine.
🎧 Tune in now and level up your thyroid knowledge!

Pituitary Disorders

Friday May 02, 2025

Friday May 02, 2025

🎙️ Episode Description: Pituitary Disorders – Hyperfunction vs. Hypofunction
In this episode of PodBites, Mariam and Ghedaa take you on a full tour of the pituitary gland, breaking down both ends of the spectrum—from hormone-secreting adenomas to pituitary hormone deficiencies. Through real clinical cases and engaging dialogue, they explore the mechanisms, presentations, and management of key pituitary disorders.
💡 Key Highlights: ✔️ Hyperfunction Disorders – Prolactinoma, acromegaly, Cushing’s disease, TSH adenoma ✔️ Hypofunction Syndromes – Sheehan syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, central adrenal insufficiency, central DI ✔️ Clinical Clues – Bitemporal hemianopsia, failure to lactate, anosmia, pituitary apoplexy ✔️ Workup & Treatment – MRI, hormone panels, dynamic testing, replacement therapy ✔️ High-yield practice questions & board-style pearls
Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals, this episode simplifies the complexities of pituitary pathology into a clear, case-based conversation.
🎧 Tune in now and master the pituitary!

Personality Disorders

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

In this high-yield psychiatry episode, Sara Alnachef & Hajar Saeed break down personality disorders, covering the underlying neurobiology, key diagnostic features, and real-world case studies. Learn how to differentiate between Cluster A (odd and eccentric), Cluster B (dramatic and unpredictable), and Cluster C (anxious and fearful) personality disorders, along with essential diagnostic clues, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches.
💡 Key Takeaways: ✔️ Cluster A – Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal – Suspicion, social detachment, and eccentricity ✔️ Cluster B – Borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial – Emotional instability, impulsivity, and disregard for others ✔️ Cluster C – Dependent, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) – Fear-driven behaviors and perfectionism ✔️ Neurobiology – The role of the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, and neurotransmitters ✔️ Treatment – Psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral strategies, and pharmacotherapy when applicable
Perfect for medical students & healthcare professionals, this episode is packed with mnemonics, case-based discussions, and expert insights! 🎧 Tune in now! 🚀
 
📩 We’d love to hear your feedback about our PodBites! Let us know your thoughts by filling out this form:
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Schizophrenia

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

In this high-yield psychiatry episode, Jana Atef & Lema Sibai break down schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, covering delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts. Learn how to differentiate schizophrenia from schizoaffective disorder, brief psychotic disorder, and delusional disorder, plus key diagnostic clues, neurotransmitter imbalances, and treatment options.
💡 Key Takeaways: ✔️ Schizophrenia – Positive vs. negative symptoms & the dopamine hypothesis ✔️ Schizoaffective Disorder – Schizophrenia + mood symptoms ✔️ Brief Psychotic Disorder – Sudden short-term psychosis ✔️ Delusional Disorder – Fixed non-bizarre delusions ✔️ Treatment – Antipsychotics, psychotherapy & mood stabilizers
Perfect for medical students & healthcare professionals, this episode is packed with mnemonics & real-world cases! 🎧 Tune in now! 🚀
 
📩 We’d love to hear your feedback about our PodBites! Let us know your thoughts by filling out this form:
🔗 https://forms.gle/Bufb7dLMTckV5M13A

Anxiety & Mood Disorders

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

In this episode of PodBites, Lema Sibai and Ayah Ibrahim break down Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Depression, and Bipolar Disorder, covering key symptoms, neurotransmitter pathways, and treatment strategies.
💡 Key Highlights: ✔️ GAD & Panic Disorder – The role of serotonin, norepinephrine, and the amygdala in anxiety. ✔️ Depression & Bipolar Disorder – SIG E CAPS mnemonic, mood stabilizers, and the difference between mania vs. hypomania. ✔️ Diagnosis & Treatment – DSM-5 criteria, CBT, SSRIs, mood stabilizers, and ECT for severe cases.
Packed with high-yield mnemonics and psychiatry insights, this episode is a must-listen for medical students & healthcare professionals! 🎧 Tune in now! 🚀
 
📩 We’d love to hear your feedback about our PodBites! Let us know your thoughts by filling out this form:
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Neurodegenerative Diseases

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

In this episode of PodBites, Alae Aboussekhra and Lyan Tawfik break down neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and ALS. They explore abnormal protein aggregates, genetic mutations, and movement and cognitive dysfunction in these conditions.
💡 Key Highlights: ✔️ Parkinson’s & Huntington’s – How dopamine loss and CAG repeats disrupt movement. ✔️ Alzheimer’s Disease – The role of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in memory loss. ✔️ ALS – How motor neuron degeneration leads to paralysis. ✔️ Diagnosis & Treatment – Imaging, molecular markers, and drugs like L-DOPA & Riluzole.
Perfect for medical students & healthcare professionals, this episode is packed with high-yield neurology insights and mnemonics! 🎧 Tune in now! 🚀
 
📩 We’d love to hear your feedback about our PodBites! Let us know your thoughts by filling out this form:
🔗 https://forms.gle/Bufb7dLMTckV5M13A

Meningitis & Encephalitis

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

In this episode of PodBites, Alae Aboussekhra and Lyan Tawfik break down meningitis and encephalitis, covering their causes, transmission, diagnosis, and complications. They explore bacterial, viral, fungal, and prion-related infections, explaining how they invade the nervous system and the best strategies for prevention and treatment.
💡 Key Highlights: ✔️ Meningitis vs. Encephalitis – Understanding the key differences. ✔️ Bacterial Meningitis – Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and more. ✔️ Viral Causes – Coxsackievirus, Enteroviruses, Herpesviruses, and Flaviviruses. ✔️ Fungal & Prion Infections – Cryptococcus, Tuberculous Meningitis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. ✔️ Pathophysiology & Diagnosis – CSF findings, molecular testing, and clinical red flags. ✔️ Treatment & Prevention – Antibiotics, antivirals, vaccines, and hygiene strategies.
Perfect for medical students, residents, and healthcare professionals, this episode is packed with high-yield neurology and infectious disease insights, real-life cases, and essential clinical pearls! Tune in now and boost your knowledge! 🎧🧠
📩 We’d love to hear your feedback about our PodBites! Let us know your thoughts by filling out this form:
🔗 https://forms.gle/Bufb7dLMTckV5M13A

Biliary Diseases

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

In this episode of PodBites, Rawad Turko and Mohammed Alfuwais dive into biliary diseases, exploring cholecystitis, cholangitis, and autoimmune and obstructive biliary disorders. Through real-life cases, they discuss clinical presentations, key diagnostic markers, and management strategies for these conditions.
💡 Key Highlights: ✔️ Cholecystitis, cholangitis, and biliary cirrhosis. ✔️ The role of Charcot’s Triad, Reynolds’ Pentad, and AMA antibodies. ✔️ Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and its link to ulcerative colitis. ✔️ High-yield diagnostic tests and imaging techniques. ✔️ Clinical pearls, case discussions, and practice questions.
Perfect for students, residents, and doctors, this episode is packed with concise, high-yield insights on biliary diseases!
 
📩 We’d love to hear your feedback about our PodBites! Let us know your thoughts by filling out this form:
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Hepatic Injuries

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

In this episode of PodBites, Rawad Turko and Mohammed Alfuwais take you on an in-depth journey through hepatic injury patterns, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, and metabolic liver diseases. Whether you’re a medical student, resident, or physician, this episode is packed with high-yield insights to help you understand the liver’s response to injury and its life-threatening complications.
💡 Key Highlights: ✔️ Patterns of Liver Injury – Necrosis, degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. ✔️ Cirrhosis & Portal Hypertension – Pathogenesis, vascular remodeling, and complications. ✔️ Hepatic Encephalopathy – Causes, clinical features, and management strategies. ✔️ Wilson’s Disease – Copper overload, Kayser-Fleischer rings, and neurological symptoms. ✔️ Hemochromatosis – Iron overload, diabetes, bronze skin, and organ damage. ✔️ Diagnosis & Treatment – Lab markers, imaging, and therapies, including phlebotomy and chelation. ✔️ Clinical pearls, real-life cases, and rapid-fire review to reinforce key concepts.
Whether you’re preparing for exams, reviewing for rounds, or just curious about hepatology, this episode delivers concise, high-yield, and easy-to-understand medical knowledge.
 
📩 We’d love to hear your feedback about our PodBites! Let us know your thoughts by filling out this form:
🔗 https://forms.gle/Bufb7dLMTckV5M13A

Hepatitis

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

Thursday Mar 20, 2025

In this episode of PodBites, Rawad Turko and Mohammed Alfuwais break down viral and autoimmune hepatitis, covering Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, their transmission, diagnosis, and complications, and why Hepatitis D needs Hepatitis B to survive. They also dive into Autoimmune Hepatitis, explaining how the immune system attacks the liver and how to manage it.
 
💡 Key Highlights:
✔️ Viral Hepatitis A–E – Transmission, serology, and complications.
✔️ Hepatitis D & E – The most unique and dangerous types.
✔️ Autoimmune Hepatitis – Diagnosis and treatment.
✔️ Histopathology & treatment strategies – From antivirals to immunosuppressants.
✔️ Clinical pearls, real-life cases, and high-yield practice questions.
Perfect for students, residents, and doctors, this episode is packed with must-know hepatology facts! 
📩 We’d love to hear your feedback about our PodBites! Let us know your thoughts by filling out this form:
🔗 https://forms.gle/Bufb7dLMTckV5M13A

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