Gastroenterology | Upper GI Bleeding

🍐 In this episode of PodBites, Rojina Fathalrahman and Nora Fathalrahman guide you through upper GI bleeding — from life-threatening emergencies to structured diagnosis and management — using clinical frameworks, risk stratification tools, and high-yield treatment principles.

Tune in to explore:

• The definition of upper GI bleeding and the importance of the ligament of Treitz
• The most common causes, including peptic ulcer disease, varices, and mucosal injury
• Portal hypertension, variceal formation, and risk factors for life-threatening hemorrhage
• The BLEAD criteria and Forest classification for risk stratification and prognosis
• Key causes like Mallory-Weiss tears, Dieulafoy’s lesion, angiodysplasia, and hemobilia
• The ARID approach: assessment, resuscitation, identifying the source, and definitive therapy
• Emergency management, including fluids, transfusion, PPIs, endoscopy, and surgical intervention
• Prevention and treatment of variceal bleeding using beta-blockers, octreotide, and TIPS

🌟 A structured, high-yield guide to recognizing, stabilizing, and managing upper GI bleeding with confidence in both exams and clinical practice.